Neuro Protective Effect And Attenuation Of Dementia

Neuro-protective effect and attenuation of dementia by diltiazem in ICV-STZ induced sporadic Alzheimer s disease rat model. Ramesh Alluri* Sivamallikarjuna Reddy A Supriya Reddy G Cognitive Science Research Initiative Lab, Dept. of Pharmacology, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Narsapur, Medak Dist., Telangana, 502313. Correspondence: rameshcology@gmail.com Abstract: Sporadic Alzheimer’s disease is an age-related neurological and psychiatric disorder characterized by impaired energy metabolism. Oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation have been implicated in pathophysiology of sporadic type of dementia. The Intra-cerebroventricular (ICV) administration of streptozotocin induces behavioural and biochemical alterations resembling those in sporadic type of Alzheimer’s patients. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of chronic pre-treatment with non-competitive calcium channel inhibitor diltiazem on cognitive dysfunction and oxidative stress markers in intra-cerebroventricular (ICV) streptozotocin-treated albino rats. Chronic treatment with diltiazem low dose 20mg/kg and 40 mg/kg orally on a daily basis for a period of 21 days, beginning 1 h prior to intra-cerebroventricular streptozotocin injection, significantly improved streptozotocin-induced cognitive impairment. Besides, improving cognitive dysfunction, chronic administration of highly selective calcium channel blocker diltiazem, reduced elevated malondialdehyde,

The Role Of Religion And The Rise Of Capitalism - 2243 Words

â€Å"The weber thesis† is the argument that turned Marx on his head: Instead of capitalism causing religion, religion actually caused capitalism† as stated in Collins (pg. 47). Weber goes on to stating as the Catholic Church was broke down during the 1517 by Martin Luther, he abolished the monasteries, the priests could get married but also the Bible could get translated from Latin to German so the people could read it for themselves. This meant that the priests were just like ordinary people and people could find their own way to embed their beliefs of God within their own lives. Weber then established religion was having a major effect in producing modern capitalism. Max Weber and Karl Marx are established as the two well-known theorists of the 19th Century. Many argue that there are various comparisons between these sociologist s theories, however although Marx and Weber both examined similar ideas, they noticeably came to two drastically different conclusions. Thi s essay will go on to critically analyse what the role of religion was in the rise of capitalism and discuss how Weber’s work was criticised by numerous sociologists e.g. Marxism and Durkheim. Weber’s theory very quickly became recognised by many, this was because it had shown an association between religious ideas and economic development. He was not arguing that capitalism in general was caused by Protestantism. He was just drawing the connection between Calvinism and a particular kind of capitalism. Both theShow MoreRelatedMax Weber Theory Of Religion Essay1033 Words   |  5 PagesMax Weber believed the religion is a deeply rooted institution that has shaped people’s image of the world, which in turn can impact their beliefs and motives. For instance, religion is used different amongst people of various class and statues. Individuals with high class and statues will use religion legitimate their circumstances and their situation in the world. On the other end of the spectrum, underprivileged individuals will lean toward religion that promise rewards for hard work and goodRead MoreMax Weber s Relation Between Religion And Capitalism1028 Words   |  5 P agesMax Weber is a German sociologist, who studied the relation between religion and capitalism in sociology. His theory brings forth many interesting aspects and point of views. Many could argue of religion’s importance to sociology, but Weber informs us of how big of an aspect religion really is. Max Weber was an interesting man; born in Germany on April 21st, 1864, to Max Weber Sr. his father and Helene Fallenstien Weber his mother. His parents had two very different views on life; his father a politicallyRead MoreThe Plight Of Modernity And The Social Conditions Associated With Modern Forms Of Capitalism1421 Words   |  6 Pagesconditions associated with modern forms of capitalism are issues of deep interest in the works of Marx and Weber. 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As Marx and Engels attempt to define the trajectory of history they looks at these issues from a high level of abstraction which allows their major thesis about class conflict providing the basis for historical change to take shape. With this strategy they are able to connect the rise of markets with increasing globalizationRead MoreKarl Marx, Emile Durkheim And Max Webers Influence On Religion1727 Words   |  7 Pagestransformation. Politics, education, religion, communication science, art, and social life were being revolutionized.† (Mohseni 1994;85) Each with distinct views on society and religion, these sociologists are and their theories are significant especially in the field of society. Just as much as they play a major role in the understanding of the modern society, the ideas presented by Marx, Weber, and Durkheim in their theories have a significant influence on the sociology of religion as well. When comparing these

Human Resource Development free essay sample

Involve them, trust them and treat them as resource or assets. 3- Fours on strengths of people and help them overcome their weakness. 4- Integrate individual’s needs amp; aspiration to organization Objectives of HRD:- 1- Develop high motivation level To strengthen superior-subordinate relationship 3- To develop a sense of team spirit, team work amp; inter team collaboration. 4- To develop the original health, culture amp; climate. 5- To generate systematic info about HR 6- To increase the capabilities of an organization to recruit, select, retain and motivate talented employees. 7- To develop constructive mind in employees. 8- To generate info about HR for manpower planning, placement, successive planning and like. Author – Meera Sharma SCOPE: The field of HRD or Human Resource Development encompasses several aspects of enabling and empowering human resources in organization. Whereas earlier HRD was denoted as managing people in organizations with emphasis on payroll, training and other functions that were designed to keep employees happy, the current line of management thought focuses on empowering and enabling them to become employees capable of fulfilling their aspirations and actualizing their potential. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Resource Development or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This shift in the way human resources are treated has come about due to the prevailing notion that human resources are sources of competitive advantage and not merely employees fulfilling their job responsibilities. The point here is that the current paradigm in HRD treats employees as value creators and assets based on the RBV or the Resource Based View of the firm that has emerged in the SHRM (Strategic Human Resource Management) field. The field of HRD spans several functions across the organization starting with employee recruitment and training, appraisals and payroll and extending to the recreational and motivational aspects of employee development. The main functions of HRD are:- 1. Training and development Training and development is aimed at improving or changing the knowledge skills and attitudes of the employees. While training involves providing the knowledge and skills required for doing a particular job to the employees, developmental activities focus on preparing the employees for future job responsibilities by increasing the capabilities of an employee which also helps him perform his present job in a better way. These activities start when an employee joins an organization in the form of orientation and skills training. After the employee becomes proficient, the HR activities focus on the development of the employee through methods like coaching and counseling. 2 Organization development OD is the process of increasing the effectiveness of an organization along with the well being of its members with the help of planned interventions that use the concepts of behavioral science. Both micro and macro changes are implemented to achieve organization development. While the macro changes are intended to improve the overall effectiveness of the organization the micro changes are aimed at individuals of small groups. Employee involvement programmes requiring fundamental changes in work expectation, reporting, procedures and reward systems are aimed at improving the effectiveness of the organization. The human resource development professional involved in the organization development intervention acts as an agent of change. He often consults and advising the line manager in strategies that can be adopted to implement the required changes and sometimes becomes directly involve in implementing these strategies. 3. Career development It is a continuous process in which an individual progresses through different stages of career each having a relatively unique set of issues and tasks. Career development comprises of two distinct processes. Career Planning and career management. Whereas career planning involves activities to be performed by the employee, often with the help of counselor and others, to assess his capabilities and skills in order to frame realistic career plan. Career management involves the necessary steps that need to be taken to achieve that plan. Career management generally focus more on the steps that an organization that can take to foster the career development of the employees. Human Resource Development free essay sample HRD is any process or activity that either initially or over the longer term has the potential to develop adults work based knowledge, expertise, productivity and satisfaction, whether for personal or group team gains or for the benefit of an organization community , nation ultimately the whole community†. HRD beliefs:- 1- People can do better and do wonders. 2- Involve them, trust them and treat them as resource or assets. 3- Fours on strengths of people and help them overcome their weakness. 4- Integrate individual’s needs amp; aspiration to organization Objectives of HRD:- 1- Develop high motivation level To strengthen superior-subordinate relationship 3- To develop a sense of team spirit, team work amp; inter team collaboration. 4- To develop the original health, culture amp; climate. 5- To generate systematic info about HR 6- To increase the capabilities of an organization to recruit, select, retain and motivate talented employees. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Resource Development or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 7- To develop constructive mind in employees. 8- To generate info about HR for manpower planning, placement, successive planning and like. Author – Meera Sharma SCOPE: The field of HRD or Human Resource Development encompasses several aspects of enabling and empowering human resources in organization. Whereas earlier HRD was denoted as managing people in organizations with emphasis on payroll, training and other functions that were designed to keep employees happy, the current line of management thought focuses on empowering and enabling them to become employees capable of fulfilling their aspirations and actualizing their potential. This shift in the way human resources are treated has come about due to the prevailing notion that human resources are sources of competitive advantage and not merely employees fulfilling their job responsibilities. The point here is that the current paradigm in HRD treats employees as value creators and assets based on the RBV or the Resource Based View of the firm that has emerged in the SHRM (Strategic Human Resource Management) field. The field of HRD spans several functions across the organization starting with employee recruitment and training, appraisals and payroll and extending to the recreational and motivational aspects of employee development. The main functions of HRD are:- 1. Training and development Training and development is aimed at improving or changing the knowledge skills and attitudes of the employees. While training involves providing the knowledge and skills required for doing a particular job to the employees, developmental activities focus on preparing the employees for future job responsibilities by increasing the capabilities of an employee which also helps him perform his present job in a better way. These activities start when an employee joins an organization in the form of orientation and skills training. After the employee becomes proficient, the HR activities focus on the development of the employee through methods like coaching and counseling. 2 Organization development OD is the process of increasing the effectiveness of an organization along with the well being of its members with the help of planned interventions that use the concepts of behavioral science. Both micro and macro changes are implemented to achieve organization development. While the macro changes are intended to improve the overall effectiveness of the organization the micro changes are aimed at individuals of small groups. Employee involvement programmes requiring fundamental changes in work expectation, reporting, procedures and reward systems are aimed at improving the effectiveness of the organization. The human resource development professional involved in the organization development intervention acts as an agent of change. He often consults and advising the line manager in strategies that can be adopted to implement the required changes and sometimes becomes directly involve in implementing these strategies. 3. Career development It is a continuous process in which an individual progresses through different stages of career each having a relatively unique set of issues and tasks. Career development comprises of two distinct processes. Career Planning and career management. Whereas career planning involves activities to be performed by the employee, often with the help of counselor and others, to assess his capabilities and skills in order to frame realistic career plan. Career management involves the necessary steps that need to be taken to achieve that plan. Career management generally focus more on the steps that an organization that can take to foster the career development of the employees. Human Resource Development free essay sample In both definitions we see that learning was in some form mentioned as being part of human resource development, and from further understanding of HRD we see that learning is important in all aspects of HRD efforts. According to the text Human Resource Management by Jon M. Werner and Randy L. DeSimone they defined learning a relatively permanent change in behavior, cognition, or affect that occurs as a result of one’s interaction with the environment. There are three basic principles of learning contiguity, the law of effect and practice. Practice is stated to be repeating the event with the hope that it will increase the strength of what is being taught. For example in any sporting area practice is needed to strengthen the players and so to in the business environment. In understanding how practice works in order to maximize learning we look at the primary area of the training design under the categories of conditions of practice and retention of what is learned. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Resource Development or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are at least six issues that relate to practice and learning they are; active practice, massed versus spaced practice sessions, whole versus part learning, overlearning ,knowledge of result and task sequences. From the six issues the three that I would considers using are; Active practice proposes that the individual who is being taught should be given the opportunity to repeatedly perform the task or use the knowledge being learned. For example surgeons, rescue squad, pilots, just to name a few should be given avenues to practice hat they learned. Same goes for training the mechanics to install the automobile air-conditioners using the new installation procedures, if the mechanics are allowed to practice the theory that was taught it would leave room for better understanding of what is required of them and result in better outcomes on the jobs confirming , that the new procedures was learnt. Massed versus spaced practice involve whether the training should be conducted in one session or divided into segments separated by a period of time. Studies have shown that spaced practice sessions lead to better performance and longer retention but are more effect for difficult and complex tasks, however the task at hand isn’t difficult and can be taught in one session. Overlearning is practice beyond the point at which the material or task is mastered. This is another condition in which the trainers can implement when training the mechanics to install the air conditioners using the new procedures, giving the mechanics enough opportunities to keep practicing the task will soon become simple The goal goes beyond the trainee learning the task or material but also retaining it. There are three additional issues that influence retention; these are the meaningfulness of the material, the degree of original learning and interference. The more meaningful and factual the information is the easier it is learned and remembered and since the new procedure is important for the installation of the air conditioners the mechanics would seek more interest and retain the information effectively , as they would see it fit to keep their jobs and acquire more customers. Secondly for the mechanics to continually retain the information being learned there should be little or no interference or it should be taken into consideration when training. This meaning that sometimes the knowledge of the old procedure might affect the way the mechanics learn the new procedure also if new steps are added while installing the air conditioner in a different vehicle it can cause confusion in the learning process. The case of the new Employee Assistant Programme Act, since it is an act where information may be presented in a document and the managers can always refer to it when needed, I would suggest using the conditions of active practice. This being the Employees Assistance Programme Act would be something that they would have to implement everyday so it would certainly give the managers the opportunity to perform the task and use the knowledge being used. Also because there is no real step by step process of implementing the act then the conditions of a massed practice session can be put in place, for example a meeting can be held where all managers are taught and given an explanation of the act and why it is necessary, as well as the document of the act where they can refer to when needed. By giving an explanation and ensure the managers what is the purpose and the reason for the Employee Assistant Programme Act , it leaves room for better retention since they are aware of the meaningfulness of they are being taught. Also distinguishing the difference from similar acts can reduce the interference of confusion and misunderstands. In conclusion if the these conditions and retentions are used in the training design both the employees and the managers can experience maximum learning and show that in order to learn practice is required. Read more: http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/human-resource-development-HRD. html#ixzz2MgJJc071

Thesis statement Essay Example

Thesis statement Essay Stress management is an inevitable thing in the modern industrialized society. The pressures of college life make it stressful necessitating learning of some mechanisms and skills to cope with and manage stress in the day-to-day life. Definition. Stress can be defined as the wear and tear our bodies experience as we adjust and adapt to our changing environment. (Whitman, 1985). Stress is both physiological and psychological. We also need to distinguish stress from stressors. â€Å"Stressors are demands made by the internal or external environment that upset balance, thus affecting physical and psychological well-being and requiring action to restore balance† (Lazarus Cohen, 1977). It is important to note that these internal and external pressure, for instance, financial constraints, family separation are just stressors and one’s response to such occurrences constitutes stress. Without learning the art of stress management, individuals will be ineffective in whatever they are engaged. College students are not exception. A loaded curriculum, work-study programs and involvement in such things as drug all add up to students’ stress. Failure for college students to learn and develop good stress management strategies, learning will be difficult or extremely cumbersome rather than being an interesting engagement. Causes of stress Well, there can be no stress unless there are stressors. in this part of the paper; we will explore some of the possible causes of stress (stressors) in college. We will write a custom essay sample on Thesis statement specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Thesis statement specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Thesis statement specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Inadequate money Some parents or guardians may not give or afford for their college students enough money to meet their educational and personal needs. When a student gets so much involved psychology with an issue like this, he/she is likely to be stressed and weighed down. 2) Dating It is believed that over 90% college students are in relationships (dating) college relations are characterized with such issues as unfaithfulness, drunkenness and other negatives like separations triggered by peer pressure. These issues make college students in relationships vulnerable to stress as they fall prey to such stressors. 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Change of new environment In most cases, students attending college are required to relocate from home to college. This change of environment is likely to be a stressor and actually many college students are prone this form of stress. 4) Parental expectations Some parents have too high expectations for their children. Such parents may actually communicate the same to their college going children. When a student knows that the parent has such high up expectations of him/her, he /she is likely to be stressed especially when they are engulfed by the fear that they are not likely to attain/reach their parents expectations. Also over-indulging in studying so as to please their parents by meeting these expectations may cause stress. 5) Unrealistic expectations Both the students and their parents may have unrealistic expectations. For instance, a student may set too high a target for himself. In the effort to achieve these expectations, students may work harder and this may drain them psychologically and physically leading to stress. 6) Social pressures As noted elsewhere in this paper, peer pressure is one of the major causes of stress in college students. As one joins college, he meets cliques in the school setup. These small groups have their own distinct cultures. As a student joins some of these small groups, he is required to change and adapt to the group’s culture. Changing of one’s behavioral patterns and adapting to new ones may be stressful. Also such groups may engage in stressful activities. 7) New responsibilities A college student may be assigned a number of responsibilities on top of the coursework, for instance, he/she may be made the president of a club among others, and these added responsibilities may weigh heavy on the student thereby causing stress. Other causes include, change in sleeping habits, stress-prone diet, and extra-curricular activities. Stress may have positive effects. Importance of stress To some people, every time the term stress is mentioned, they associate it with negative results/effects. But this is not true. Not all stress is negative or bad. Infact, almost everyone needs some stress in his or her life for without it life would be gloomy, dull and uninteresting. â€Å"Insufficient stress acts as a depressant† (www.ivf.com/stress.html.) Stress makes life bright, adds flavor, challenge to life. Stress helps to jump- start us. The challenge and opportunities created by stress are vital in developing new and essential skills for life. We will be cheating ourselves if we entertain the thought that we can avoid stress. Put bluntly, stress is an unavoidable part of life but if managed well, it can be a very constructive motivational factor in our lives. Negative Effects 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Alcohol and drug addition. When college students are confronted with stress they may not have positive strategies to cope with such pressure. This may make them resort to alcohol and drug abuse as a means to relieve stress. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Headaches, chest pain among others. Excess stress may cause aches to students and this may make them in effective in their learning. 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Irritable and anger prone. This may severe his/her relationship with other students and even teachers. This obviously has a negative effect on learning. 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sleeplessness. Stress makes the student to lack sleep and this will negatively affects their learning process as they may feel drowsy and lazy during class time. 5)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Unethical behaviors. Student stressed up due to lack of adequate finances may resort in to such behaviors as commercial sex and stealing and this may hinder their learning. Stress has a chain of effects and symptoms. They all point out that one’s life is not managed well. Well, stress may make a student to be overwhelmed but such bursts of adrenaline that helps students to finish their assignment within the stipulated time, face some challenges and do well in some areas is actually positive stress.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Stressors, such as noise or sleep loss, act by either increasing or decreasing the arousal level of the individual relative to the optimum level for a given task (Hockey Hamilton, 1983). As we have seen stress has both positive and negative effects. Stress management strategies Having explored some of the effects of stress on college students, it is clear that failure for students to learn smart stress management and coping strategies can be detrimental to college students. Learning stress management skill is almost a must for students if they have to become productive individuals both in school and in the community, some of these strategies can be helpful to students: 1) Exercise: physical exercise helps students to relieve themselves of stress. Students should learn how to cope and manage stress through physical exercises. Students should make exercise part and parcel of their curriculum. They should be discouraged from using temporary solutions such as drugs (caffeine) 2) Having enough sleep: student should learn to get enough sleep so that their minds and bodies get relaxed. They should learn to invest in adequate and healthy sleep. This must not be optional. 3) Relaxing techniques: students should learn techniques to help them relax both their minds and bodies. This can be done through such avenues as enjoying soothing music medication, massage, and deep breathing. â€Å"Techniques such as biofeedback†¦are used. Biofeedback aim to develop awareness and control of responses to stressors† (Glanz et al, 2002) 4) Getting organized: Student must learn to prioritizing tasks through the help of a Work schedule otherwise they will have â€Å"so much to do, so little time†(Williams, 1996). When students learn to get organized they avoid stress emanating from failure to complete tasks within the required time. 5) Enjoy humor: laughter is medicine, so they say. Students should learn to stop being too serious sometimes and this will help them cope with stress. They should learn to enjoy humor and laughter. They should learn to take a break from books and smell the roses. Stopping procrastinations, learning to say no to some responsibilities which one doesn’t have adequate time for are all strategies that can help students manage and cope with stress effectively in college. Conclusion Students should learn effective strategies in management and coping with stress so that their detrimental effects can be counteracted. When such strategies are mastered, stress becomes a challenge to facilitate learning. Stress management should be made part of the college curriculum to help them overcome some of these negative effects and capitalize on the positive hence learn more effectively Thesis statement Essay Example Thesis statement Essay Stress management is an inevitable thing in the modern industrialized society. The pressures of college life make it stressful necessitating learning of some mechanisms and skills to cope with and manage stress in the day-to-day life. Definition. Stress can be defined as the wear and tear our bodies experience as we adjust and adapt to our changing environment. (Whitman, 1985). Stress is both physiological and psychological. We also need to distinguish stress from stressors. â€Å"Stressors are demands made by the internal or external environment that upset balance, thus affecting physical and psychological well-being and requiring action to restore balance† (Lazarus Cohen, 1977). It is important to note that these internal and external pressure, for instance, financial constraints, family separation are just stressors and one’s response to such occurrences constitutes stress. Without learning the art of stress management, individuals will be ineffective in whatever they are engaged. College students are not exception. A loaded curriculum, work-study programs and involvement in such things as drug all add up to students’ stress. Failure for college students to learn and develop good stress management strategies, learning will be difficult or extremely cumbersome rather than being an interesting engagement. Causes of stress Well, there can be no stress unless there are stressors. in this part of the paper; we will explore some of the possible causes of stress (stressors) in college. We will write a custom essay sample on Thesis statement specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Thesis statement specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Thesis statement specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Inadequate money Some parents or guardians may not give or afford for their college students enough money to meet their educational and personal needs. When a student gets so much involved psychology with an issue like this, he/she is likely to be stressed and weighed down. 2) Dating It is believed that over 90% college students are in relationships (dating) college relations are characterized with such issues as unfaithfulness, drunkenness and other negatives like separations triggered by peer pressure. These issues make college students in relationships vulnerable to stress as they fall prey to such stressors. 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Change of new environment In most cases, students attending college are required to relocate from home to college. This change of environment is likely to be a stressor and actually many college students are prone this form of stress. 4) Parental expectations Some parents have too high expectations for their children. Such parents may actually communicate the same to their college going children. When a student knows that the parent has such high up expectations of him/her, he /she is likely to be stressed especially when they are engulfed by the fear that they are not likely to attain/reach their parents expectations. Also over-indulging in studying so as to please their parents by meeting these expectations may cause stress. 5) Unrealistic expectations Both the students and their parents may have unrealistic expectations. For instance, a student may set too high a target for himself. In the effort to achieve these expectations, students may work harder and this may drain them psychologically and physically leading to stress. 6) Social pressures As noted elsewhere in this paper, peer pressure is one of the major causes of stress in college students. As one joins college, he meets cliques in the school setup. These small groups have their own distinct cultures. As a student joins some of these small groups, he is required to change and adapt to the group’s culture. Changing of one’s behavioral patterns and adapting to new ones may be stressful. Also such groups may engage in stressful activities. 7) New responsibilities A college student may be assigned a number of responsibilities on top of the coursework, for instance, he/she may be made the president of a club among others, and these added responsibilities may weigh heavy on the student thereby causing stress. Other causes include, change in sleeping habits, stress-prone diet, and extra-curricular activities. Stress may have positive effects. Importance of stress To some people, every time the term stress is mentioned, they associate it with negative results/effects. But this is not true. Not all stress is negative or bad. Infact, almost everyone needs some stress in his or her life for without it life would be gloomy, dull and uninteresting. â€Å"Insufficient stress acts as a depressant† (www.ivf.com/stress.html.) Stress makes life bright, adds flavor, challenge to life. Stress helps to jump- start us. The challenge and opportunities created by stress are vital in developing new and essential skills for life. We will be cheating ourselves if we entertain the thought that we can avoid stress. Put bluntly, stress is an unavoidable part of life but if managed well, it can be a very constructive motivational factor in our lives. Negative Effects 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Alcohol and drug addition. When college students are confronted with stress they may not have positive strategies to cope with such pressure. This may make them resort to alcohol and drug abuse as a means to relieve stress. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Headaches, chest pain among others. Excess stress may cause aches to students and this may make them in effective in their learning. 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Irritable and anger prone. This may severe his/her relationship with other students and even teachers. This obviously has a negative effect on learning. 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sleeplessness. Stress makes the student to lack sleep and this will negatively affects their learning process as they may feel drowsy and lazy during class time. 5)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Unethical behaviors. Student stressed up due to lack of adequate finances may resort in to such behaviors as commercial sex and stealing and this may hinder their learning. Stress has a chain of effects and symptoms. They all point out that one’s life is not managed well. Well, stress may make a student to be overwhelmed but such bursts of adrenaline that helps students to finish their assignment within the stipulated time, face some challenges and do well in some areas is actually positive stress.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Stressors, such as noise or sleep loss, act by either increasing or decreasing the arousal level of the individual relative to the optimum level for a given task (Hockey Hamilton, 1983). As we have seen stress has both positive and negative effects. Stress management strategies Having explored some of the effects of stress on college students, it is clear that failure for students to learn smart stress management and coping strategies can be detrimental to college students. Learning stress management skill is almost a must for students if they have to become productive individuals both in school and in the community, some of these strategies can be helpful to students: 1) Exercise: physical exercise helps students to relieve themselves of stress. Students should learn how to cope and manage stress through physical exercises. Students should make exercise part and parcel of their curriculum. They should be discouraged from using temporary solutions such as drugs (caffeine) 2) Having enough sleep: student should learn to get enough sleep so that their minds and bodies get relaxed. They should learn to invest in adequate and healthy sleep. This must not be optional. 3) Relaxing techniques: students should learn techniques to help them relax both their minds and bodies. This can be done through such avenues as enjoying soothing music medication, massage, and deep breathing. â€Å"Techniques such as biofeedback†¦are used. Biofeedback aim to develop awareness and control of responses to stressors† (Glanz et al, 2002) 4) Getting organized: Student must learn to prioritizing tasks through the help of a Work schedule otherwise they will have â€Å"so much to do, so little time†(Williams, 1996). When students learn to get organized they avoid stress emanating from failure to complete tasks within the required time. 5) Enjoy humor: laughter is medicine, so they say. Students should learn to stop being too serious sometimes and this will help them cope with stress. They should learn to enjoy humor and laughter. They should learn to take a break from books and smell the roses. Stopping procrastinations, learning to say no to some responsibilities which one doesn’t have adequate time for are all strategies that can help students manage and cope with stress effectively in college. Conclusion Students should learn effective strategies in management and coping with stress so that their detrimental effects can be counteracted. When such strategies are mastered, stress becomes a challenge to facilitate learning. Stress management should be made part of the college curriculum to help them overcome some of these negative effects and capitalize on the positive hence learn more effectively

Sibling Influence Advantages and Disadvantages Essays -

Sibling Influence Advantages and Disadvantages Luther Hazley Upper Iowa University 4/ 27 /2017 Sibling Influence Siblings : m ost of us have them. We grow up together, we fight together, we team up against other siblings together and most of all we love each other. The family structure and the characteristics of each sibling plays an important role on each sibling's relationship. Even though siblings are reared together in the same household, they are different and it is these differences that have the greatest impact on sibling relationships. If you think back to when you were growing up, you and your siblings were very close. It did not matter what the situation was, yo u were one. But as you gre w up , you slowly start ed taking on d ifferent ideas, thoughts, beliefs and personalities . Some would say the individual's social environment or the quality of parenting, which has the great est impact on each sibling . The sibling's environment, which has both positive and negative influences, also have advantages and disadvantages, w hich influences each siblings past, present and future well-being. Most social learning theories suggest that, in addition to learning through their own behaviors and actions, individuals form different ideas about life and learn new behaviors through the observation of others . According to Bandura (1977) , there are several necessary conditions for learning from observation and subsequent imitation. First, a model must possess qualities that attract attention; one of the most important determinants of whether a model will attract another person's attention is the frequency of contact with the model. Because youth spend so much time with their siblings (e.g., McHale and Crouter, 1996), sisters and brothers are potentially very salient models. Bandura also suggested that models will attract an individual's attention if they possess attractive qualities, including power and nurturance . Now there are advantages and disadvantages of being siblings. Some disadvantages I saw were my aunt's children when they w ere growing up. The first born child was very creative and smart while the eldest sibling ten ded to be more focused on family loyalty and traditional achievements. The se two siblings was m ore obedient and responsible than the other siblings. Because they were more obedient, I believe they were this way because my aunt spent more time with them. My mother's sister raised six children. The first was a boy who did a lot of cleaning, cooking and outside work around the house . T he next child was a girl who was bossy and could be very aggressive at times to the other young er girls in the family. The n ext sibling was smart and could figure out what the two oldest siblings where up to all the time. I noticed that the middle child would call the older two siblings dumb because she was shrewd. The remaining three other siblings were left to defend for themselves all the time . Because they were the middle siblings, they were often pick ed on by the older and youngest siblings. An example would be, m ost of the time the youngest sister would cry to her parents about something the other siblings had done, just to get them in trouble. According to psychologist and the New York University adjunct professor (Ben Dattner ), t he first born are achievement - oriented and eager to please parents . Some of the disadvantages of being a younger sibling would consist of always being compared to how the older sibling s act or think. It's hard to live up to the older sibling , especially if the older siblings were good in school. Teachers and coaches compare the younger sibling to the older ones by IQ or athletics. Another disadvantages are the younger sibling s are forced to do thing earlier in life in order to keep up with older siblings . The older siblings are complain s that younger sibling s are always getting a break. One last disadvantage is that the young er siblings always get the hand-me downs. Some advantages of sibling influences would be that older siblings are able to mentor their younger siblings. There are instances when the younger

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Controversy on Bushs Military Tribunal Plan essays Ever since the September 11th attack, the U.S. has been trying to find ways to deal with terrorists. We have increased our security, and become more alert to details that may have seemed trivial prior to the attack. We have also found ways to search for and kill terrorists. We have not yet, however, decided on a way to try the terrorists once they have been caught. President Bush has proposed a plan to try terrorists in military tribunals. However, there is some opposition to his plan, as some people say his plan is unlawful, or just too broad and unclear. The Geneva Convention is an international policy that specifies the required treatment of a prisoner of war. Some critics in the Congress say that Bushs plan for a military tribunal goes against Geneva Convention standards. In 1949, both the U.S. and Afghanistan ratified the policy, but enforcement of the treaty has not been strict (Wedgwood A11). According to the Geneva Convention, legal combatants must follow the Uniform Military Code of Justice (Ford 1). However, Al Qaeda soldiers do not follow the code, and therefore are illegal combatants. President Bush stated that anyone who fought for the Taliban could not be eli- gible for POW status, making them subject to trial by a military tribunal (Bravin A20). Representative Bob Barr, Representative Maxine Waters, Senator Edward Kennedy, and Senator Patrick Leahy say that Bushs plan needs to be changed to be more lawful. They say that without an off- icial declaration of war, the use of military tribunals is unconstitutional. Barr al so adds that Congress needs to pass an act for military tribunal to be lawful. They also point out that Bush and the U.S. government has not met any of these standards. Georgia Representative Bob Barr said, Without and official declaration of war or without and act of Congress the tribunals are unconstitutional (Eversley A4). The U.S. government, however, is...

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Analyze a current or past relationship and create a strategy for managing it - Essay Example Losing contact with each other, we both had strings of relationships until both of us had our families. Both of us had only one child out of our own marriages and both of us got divorced from our spouses. Twenty years later, Andy came back to visit me at my mom’s house. He just took a chance if I was there, and was surprised when I was, as I was also visiting her. It was a pleasant surprise for both of us. At first, it was awkward seeing your first love two decades later when a whole lifetime has passed in between. We caught up with each other’s lives, but did not have enough time, since he was flying back to Australia the following day. A week later, I found a friend request on Facebook from Andy which I happily accepted. Since that time, we have spent much time chatting with each other, and even tried video-chatting a few times. Over time, we realized we were still in love with each other after all these years. Although we did not officially declare that we are once a gain a couple, we treat each other as if we are. I cannot fully commit to him because I did not really believe in long distance relationships, and somehow, had doubts as to his relationship history, since he has shared that he’s been into several relationships after his divorce. I, myself, have not gone dating after my divorce, so I had several qualms about getting into a serious relationship at this point in my life. Meanwhile, I decided to enjoy what Andy and I currently have, without the complications of commitment. It is what is known in social networking sites as a relationship status of â€Å"It’s Complicated†. Attraction Our initial attraction to each other was physical. Andy was a very handsome teenager, and was quite popular with the girls. On the other hand, I did not look bad myself, being a cheerleader and a prom queen contender. Knowing each other well as we dated exclusively in our teens, the attraction went beyond the surface. I discovered that he had a kind heart which was compassionate to others in need. He was a very good son and brother and to top it all, he had a sense of humor that complemented mine. I admired his drive and ambition to be successful, and envied his focus and persistence in his studies. I was sure that he was a great catch and would be an ideal husband and father as well as a successful professional in the future. Andy admitted that he fell in love with my feminine ways and the way I treated my family and friends. He felt very protective over me because I was so naive. He liked the fact that I was very down-to-earth and did not waste my time on shallow things such as fashion, make-up and boys. He loved my simplicity and the fact that I was a homebody, very skilled in cooking and home design and organization. He also thought I would make the perfect wife and mother someday. Our short term and long-term attraction factors for each other may be explained theoretically. Matlin (2008) explains gender differe nces in attraction partner as based on an evolutionary psychology approach. According to this approach, people’s preferences have roots in evolution where men prefer young, attractive, healthy-looking women who are likely to pass on men’s genes to the next generation. On the other hand, women are drawn to men who are economically stable to ensure that their future children are well provided for (Matlin, 2008). Women were also found to value a partner’s ambition, industriousness and social dominance as well as emotional